World Hyena Day: Rethinking the Reputation

April 27th marks World Hyena Day – a moment to give these misunderstood creatures the recognition they truly deserve. Often cast as the villains of the bushveld, hyenas are in fact intelligent, resourceful, and essential to a thriving ecosystem.

There are four different species of hyena, namely Spotted hyena, Striped hyena, Brown hyena and Aardwolf. At Nambiti, we’re privileged to host two of the four hyena species: the Brown Hyena and the elusive Aardwolf. Both are remarkable in their own right.

Brown hyenas are easily recognised by their shaggy coats and powerful jaws, moving mostly under the cover of night with stealth and independence.

Aardwolves – smaller and more delicate – are nocturnal insectivores, feeding almost exclusively on termites. Despite their shy and solitary nature, aardwolves play a vital role in the ecosystem by keeping termite populations in check. With their slender frames, striped coats, and bushy tails, they’re perfectly adapted to life in the grasslands and savannahs.

Contrary to their reputation as scavengers, hyenas are highly skilled hunters – and like many carnivores, they’ll seize the opportunity to steal a meal when it presents itself (just like lions do). From the termite-loving Aardwolf to the desert-dwelling Striped hyena, each species plays a vital role in the natural balance.

One of the most fascinating aspects of hyena society is their matriarchal hierarchy. In Spotted hyena clans, it’s the alpha female who leads, and she outranks all males – females are larger, stronger, and often longer-lived. Clans can number up to 80 individuals, each one understanding its rank in the pecking order. Cubs are often raised in communal dens, typically made in abandoned burrows or old termite mounds – safe, cool sanctuaries where the next generation is nurtured beneath the surface of the savannah.

It’s also worth noting just how adaptable hyenas are. Whether they’re tracking prey, foraging over vast distances, or raising cubs in carefully hidden dens, hyenas are masters of survival. Their resilience, intelligence, and teamwork are traits to be admired – not feared.

So this World Hyena Day, let’s shift the spotlight and celebrate the strength, brilliance, and ecological importance of one of Africa’s most underrated carnivores.